The marketers won (mostly). In place of valuable and sustainable innovation, we have more features, new designs, and costlier means to achieve the same goals we have always had. My primary business tools are more or less the same as twenty-five years ago when I first started college: a word processor, email client, web browser, calendar, printer, and mobile phone. Microsoft Windows has, more or less, reverted to its Windows 95 user interface, though it crashes less. Word is more focused on collaboration (which most people do not rely upon), and the crucial components like spell check, track changes, document comparison, and footnotes are virtually the same. Email clients still use IMAP and Exchange protocols and the same UI design. Web browsers are more standards-based, so sites function more consistently, but their ability to run cloud-based applications is vastly underutilized. Calendars and printers are virtually identical to their historical counterparts. Phones changed drasti...